Almost always the child can go home the same day and is back to normal within 1 to 2 days. A cut about 1 inch long is made in the groin area most often it can hardly be seen later. The testicles is freed from all nearby tissues so that it moves easily into the scrotum. Then it is stitched into place. If there's a hernia, it's fixed at the same time.
In some cases, the testicle is too high for this simple surgery. If this is the case, more complex methods and sometimes even 2 surgeries are needed. Overall, the success rate with surgery is 98 out of After treatment, the testicle often grows to normal size in the scrotum. In some cases, the testicle wasn't normal to start with, and never grows the right way.
In other cases, sperm never grow, even though the testicle size is normal. In most cases, after treatment for 1 undescended testicle, fertility becomes normal and the chances of fathering a child in the future are high. When the child becomes a teen, he should have routine physical exams and do monthly testicular self-exams. Routine physicals will look for signs of testicular cancer, which remains a slight risk.
About 1 of every 5 cases of undescended testicles are found after the boy is no longer a baby. The testicles of these boys appeared to have dropped normally as babies. If an undescended testicle appears later it is called an "ascending testicle. Often these boys are known to have a retractile testicle before they are diagnosed with an ascending testicle. These testicles need surgery to move them into the scrotum.
Sperm won't mature if the testicle stays undescended. For these reasons, boys should have their genitals checked during their yearly physical exam. What causes undescended testes?
There are two types of undescended testes: congenital and acquired. Congenital undescended testes Babies born without testes in the scrotum have congenital undescended testes. Acquired undescended testes Sometimes a child is born with the testes in the scrotum, but they develop undescended testes later.
When to see a doctor If your baby is born with undescended testes, this will be picked up by your Maternal and Child Health Nurse or your doctor shortly after birth.
If the testes do not come down, there is a risk of ongoing health issues such as: Torsion — the spermatic cord can become twisted and this can cut off the blood supply to the testes. Hernia — when a loop of bowel comes into the scrotum. See our fact sheet Inguinal hernia. Reduced fertility — the body temperature in the abdomen is higher than in the scrotum, and this can affect sperm production in the testes.
Risk of testicular cancer — this happens in a relatively low number of boys. The risk is usually less than 1 in Poor self-esteem — due to having abnormal looking genitals. Treatment for undescended testes For babies born with undescended testes, the testes may come down by themselves in the first three months after birth, and no treatment is needed. Complications from orchidopexy are rare, but may include: The testis does not reach the scrotum after the first operation, and the procedure needs to be done again.
If the testis is very high in the abdomen or the blood supply to the testis is poor, it may shrink. This is very rare. Care at home After your child's surgery, you will be given some post-operative care instructions. Contact your child's surgeon or the hospital if: your child develops a fever of Follow-up An appointment will be made for your child to see their surgeon after the operation.
Key points to remember Undescended testes is when the testes are not in the scrotum. There may be several reasons for undescended testes. This is a condition seen in some newborn baby boys. Most cases involve only one teste. About 1 in 10 cases affect both testes. Undescended testes are more often seen in babies who are born early preterm or premature babies.
Other causes may include hormone problems or spina bifida. It may be caused by a reflex that causes a testicle to move up and down from the scrotum back into the groin retractile testes. In some cases, the testes are missing.
In rare cases, a boy who has inguinal hernia repair may develop undescended testes. Symptoms can be a bit different in each child. Most children don't have symptoms when they have an undescended testicle.
If this does not occur, treatment may include:. Having surgery early may prevent damage to the testicles and avoid infertility. An undescended testicle that is found later in life may need to be removed.
This is because the testicle is not likely to function well and could pose a risk for cancer. Most of the time, the problem goes away without treatment. Medicine or surgery to correct the condition is successful in most cases.
Once the condition is corrected, you should have routine testicle exams by your doctor. This is called a vanished or absent testis. As stated earlier, it may be due to something while the baby was still developing during pregnancy. Cryptorchidism; Empty scrotum - undescended testes; Scrotum - empty undescended testes ; Monorchism; Vanished testes - undescended; Retractile testes.
Etiology, diagnosis, and management of the undescended testis. Campbell-Walsh Urology. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; chap Chung DH.
Pediatric surgery.
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